Deprem Mühendisliği Yüksek Lisans Programı

Content: Earthquakes, Plate tectonics, Elastic rebound theory, Magnitudes, Faults and seismic moment relations, Turkey's tectonic and seismicity, North Anatolian Fault (NAF)  sub-divisions, Properties of earthquake waves, Wave propagation, Macro-seismic and instrumental intensities, Properties of strong motion records, Response spectra, Derivation of tripartite design spectrum, Fourier amplitude spectrum and relation with velocity spectrum and energy per pass, Simulation of strong ground motion, Risk analysis 

Course Objectives:

1. Providing necessary information, knowledge and background to the civil engineers to be educated in this field for the earthquakes acting on structures in the important projects,
2. To provide engineers endowed with the fundamental terminology to understand the reports prepared by geologist and geophysicist,
3. To provide necessary knowledge how to prepare earthquake hazard map and main essentials of earthquake destructiveness for preparing codes,
4. Giving and providing important knowledge for selecting & using recorded and simulated accelerations.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Whenever earthquakes occurr, with the source parameters, to decide whether that earthquake makes damages or not over the structures and what kind of damage expectation on the certain type of structures
2. Capability of intensity and damage distribution having proper knowledge about the subject.
3. If the earthquake strong ground motion acceleration records are available, to determine destructiveness of the record over the structures. or usage that record in the application of dynamic analysis design purpose calculating instrumental intensities and comparing the referenced accelerations in literature.
4. After the risk analysis, to construct design spectrum for certain region, for the important structure as a result

Content: Design of new cement based materials, properties of fresh concrete. Mechanical properties of solid materials (the strength, stiffness, fracture, fatigue and time-dependent properties of high performance concretes (HPCs), the tensile strain capacity and cracking in HPCs. Durability and cracking in steel reinforced concrete structures. Polymeric resins and polymer concretes used in repairing. Fibres used in the production of strengthening materials (SMs). Micromechanics of fibre reinforced materials (carbon and glass). Stress-strain behavior of SMs. Durability of SMs. Special concretes used in repairing and strengthening of structure (bonding of concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, jacketing with concrete, paching with concrete).

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Content: Dynamic loads, dynamic characteristics of structural systems. lumped parameter systems. free vibrations of single-degree-of-freedom systems (SDF), damped vibrations, response of SDF systems to harmonic loading, to periodic loading, to general dynamic loading, generalized SDF systems. Rayleigh method, vibration isolation Multi-degree-of-freedom systems (MDS), equations of motions, undamped free vibrations of MDS, free vibrations, orthogonality conditions, dynamic response, mode shapes, forced vibrations, mode superposition analysis, numerical methods for determination of mode shapes and frequencies, Rayleigh method, systems with distributed parameters, equations of motion, axial, shear and bending vibrations, earthquake response of SDF systems, response spectra, earthquake response of MDF systems, methods for modal combination, numerical methods.

Objectives:

1. Understanding the response of structures under dynamic load,
2. Analyzing response of simple structures under dynamic loads by using fundamental equation of dynamics,
3. Understanding complex problems of structural dynamics,

Learning Outcomes:

1. Dealing with the dynamic problems of the structural engineering in a consistent way.
2. Understanding dynamic response of structural system in a rational way,
3. Developing solutions to problems arising in design of structural systems in a reasonable way,
4. Mastering the fundamental problems of the structural dynamics in a reliable way.

İçerik: Giriş, Beton tasarımı ve hesaplamaları, üretimi, Betonda kullanılan kimyasal katkılar, Kendiliğinden yerleşen betonlar, Lifli betonlar, Yüksek sıcaklığa dayanıklı betonlar, Yüksek mukavemetli Betonlar,  Kütle betonu, Hafif Beton, Su altı betonu, beton yollar, Ağır beton (Radyasyona dayanıklı beton), Püskürtme betonu, Dürabiliteye giriş, Kimyasal, Fiziksel ve Mekanik Etkiler, Karbonatlaşma, Donatı korozyonu, Alkali silis reaksiyonu, Betonun rötresi ve çeşitleri, beton çatlakları, Dürabiliteye göre önlemler ve beton tasarımı, puzolanlar, Dürabiliteye göre önlemler ve beton tasarımı.

Amaçlar:

1. Betondan beklenen özelliklerin anlaşılması,
2. Tasarımdaki gelişmelere bağlı olarak değişimlerin takip edilmesi,
3. Özel betonların üretimi ve uygulanması hakkında bilgiler,
4. Basit yapıların dinamik yük altındaki davranışının dinamiğin temel denklemlerini kullanarak çözümü,
5. Betonların dürabilitesi ve dürabilite için alınacak önlemler hakkında bilgiler verilmesi.

1. Beton tasarımı ve hesaplamaları, üretimi,
2. Betonda kullanılan kimyasal katkılar,
3. Kendiliğinden yerleşen betonlar, lifli betonlar, yüksek sıcaklığa dayanıklı betonlar, yüksek mukavemetli betonlar, kütle betonu, hafif beton, su altı betonu, beton yollar, ağır beton (Radyasyona dayanıklı beton), püskürtme betonu
4. Dürabilite
5. Kimyasal, Fiziksel ve Mekanik Etkiler
6. Karbonatlaşma, Donatı korozyonu, Alkali silis reaksiyonu
7. Betonun rötresi ve çeşitleri, beton çatlakları
8. Dürabiliteye göre önlemler ve beton tasarımı, puzolanlar

Content: Introduction and comparison of nondestructive techniques. Properties of sound and elastic stress wave propagation. Ultrasonic speed and scattering. Compression, shear and surface waves. Pulse and impact echo methods. Acoustic impedance and reflection coefficients.. Ultrasonic testing equipment and transducers. Ultrasound velocity measurements. Thickness and distance measurements. Flaw detection and other applications of ultrasonic techniques. Data analysis of ultrasonic testing.

Objectives:

1. Assessment and measurement of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete by nondestructive or semi-destructive test methods.
2. Analysis and evaluation of the measurement results
3. Assessment of the repair needs for existing structures
4. Verification of the construction quality in new structures.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Advantage and disadvantage of various nondestructive test methods
2. Propagation of elastic sound wave in materials
3. Acoustic impedance of materials and reflection coefficients
4. Types of damage and flaws in materials
5. Assessment of cracks and voids in concret

İçerik: Çelik yapı malzemesinin sünek tasarım için önemli özellikleri, plastisite, histeresis, Bauschinger etkisi, kaynaklı birleşimlerin gevrekliği, yüksek ve düşük tekrarlı yorulma, malzeme modelleri, plastik davranışın sağladığı üstünlükler, kesitlerin plastik davranışı, plastik analizin sünek yapı tasarımına uygulanması, merkezi güçlendirilmiş çerçeveler, dışmerkez güçlendirilmiş çerçeveler, sünek rijit çerçevelerin yatay yükler altındaki davranışı, rijit sünek çerçevelerde kolonların tasarımı, kolon-kiriş birleşimlerinde panel bölgesi tasarımı ve davranışının modellenmesi, kolon-kiriş birleşiminin davranışı, sünek tasarım yöntemi, sünek rijit çerçeve tasarımının ilkeleri, sismik limit durum yaklaşımı, sismik yük azaltma ve deplasman büyütme faktörleri, modern standardlarda sismik boyutlandırma yöntemleri, çelik kirişlerin stabilitesi ve plastik dönme kapasiteleri, çevrimsel kiriş burkulması, pasif enerji yutma sistemleri ve bunların yapı sistemlerinde kullanımı.

Amaçlar:

1. Malzeme özelliklerinin ve yapı elemanlarının birleşimlerinin tasarımı, imalatı ve kalitesinin taşıyıcı sistemin sünek davranışına etkisinin anlaşılması,
2. Çelik yapı taşıyıcı sistemlerinin plastik davranışının enerji yutma kapasiteleri üzerine etkisinin anlaşılması,
3. Plastik analizin, kapasite tasarımı ve yanal itme analizine uygulanması, çelik sünek yapıların tasarımı ile ilgili ulusal veya uluslar arası standartların doğru uygulanmasının sağlanması.

Öğrenim Çıktıları:

1. Sünek yapı tasarımını etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilmek,
2. Yapısal birleşimlerin yapısal sünekliği destekleyecek kalitede tasarımnı gerçekleştirebilme ve imalatını denetleyebilme,
3. Sünek yapı tasarımı ile ilgili ulusal ve uluslar arası standartları doğru kullanabilme,
4. Ders içeriğine ait konulardaki güncel yayınları takip edebilme.

Content: Giriş; Hasar belirlenmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve sınıflandırma. Muhtelif depremlerle ilgili bilgi ve tanımlar. Deprem hasar türleri; duvar, döşeme, kiriş, kolon, kiriş-kolon birleşim bölgesi, perde ve temel hasarı. Deprem sonrası yapılarda alınması gerekli geçici önlemler. Genel onarım prensipleri. Taşıyıcı sistem elemanlarının onarımı. Onarım ve güçlendirme malzemeleri. Yüzey hazırlığı ve tamir harçlarının kullanımı. Püskürtme beton, epoksi reçinesi, çelik şeritlerle ve lif takviyeli plastik levhalarla onarım ve güçlendirme. Korozyon hasarı ve onarım. Genel güçlendirme prensipleri. Güçlendirme elemanlarının tasarımı, kolon mantolaması, ilave perde yerlerinin belirlenmesi, perde ve temellerin güçlendirilmesi. Taşıyıcı sistemlerin güçlendirilmesine ilişkin detaylar. Yığma yapılarda hasar belirlenmesi ve değerlendirmesi. Yığma yapılarda onarım ve güçlendirme. Uygulama örnekleri. Taşıyıcı sistem iyileştirmesi. Mevcut binaların deprem güvenliğinin belirlenmesi

Amaçlar:

1. Mevcut yapıların değerlendirilmesi,
2. Yapıların onarım ve iyileştirme ilkeleri ve yöntemlerinin açıklanması,
3. Yapıların güçlendirme yöntemlerinin ve ilkelerinin örneklerle açıklanması.

Öğrenim Çıktıları:

1. Mevcut bir yapının incelenme teknikleri ve uygulaması, hasar türlerinin değerlendirilmesi,
2. Muhtelif onarım usullerinin öğrenimi,
3. Yapıların iyileştirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi tekniklerinin öğrenimi, alternatif çözümler sunma, çözümleri muhtelif bakımlardan karşılaştırma,
4. Konu ile ilgili akademik çalışmaların incelenmesi ve sunumu,
5. Mevcut bir yapı üzerinde sayısal uygulama ve detaylandırma.

İçerik: Depremin oluşumu, spektrum kavramı, çok serbestlik dereceli sistem, deprem davranışında mod birleştirme yöntemi, depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımı, depreme yönetmeliklerinin ana felsefesi ve esasları, yönetmeliklerde deprem kuvvetleri ve boyutlandırma ölçütleri, deprem davranışının belirlenmesinde spektra çözümleme ve basitleştirmiş yaklaşımlar, deprem etkisindeki betonarme yapı elemanlarının davranışı, plastik mafsal kavramı, boyutlandırmada kapasite ilkesi, depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımı, depreme karşı güvenlik, sınır durumlar, yapıların genel davranışı, yapısal düzensizlikler, tasarım spektrumu, elastik deprem yükünün belirlenmesi, deprem yükü etkisi, ivme spektrumu, taşıyıcı sistemin sünekliği, eşdeğer hesap yükü yöntemi, mod birleştirme yöntemleri, yapı sistemleri, betonarme yapılar için kurallar, kat yerdeğiştirmeleri, temel ayırıcı sistemlerin tasarımı, istinat duvarları.

Amaçlar:

1. Deprem oluşumu ve yapılara etkisinin anlaşılması,
2. Deprem spektrumlarının elde edilmesi,
3. Deprem etkisinde yapı davranışının anlaşılması,
4. Depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımında temel ilkeler, deprem yönetmeliği kayıtları, taban yalıtımlı sistemler,
5. Mevcut binaların deprem performansı ve güçlendirilmesi.

Öğrenim Çıktıları:

1. Deprem hakkında genel bilgilerin ve yapıların tasarımında deprem etkisinin gözönüne alınmasının kavranması,
2. Depreme dayanıklı betonarme yapı tasarımı yapabilme, sünek davranış için yapı elemanlarında uygun donatı düzeni oluşturabilme,
3. Taban yalıtımlı sistemlerin tasarımı konusunda temel yaklaşım bilgilerine sahip olunması,
4. Mevcut binaların değerlendirilmesi ve güçlendirilmesi konusununda gerekli yöntemlerin ana hatlarıyla kavranması, istinat duvarlarında deprem etkisinin gözönüne alınmasının anlaşılması.

Content: Hazard mitigation within the cycle of emergency management. The Four Phases of Emergency Management: Mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Differentiate between the terms disaster and natural hazard. Hazards: the types of natural hazards, their measurement and classification, and regions of Turkey affected by hazard types Disasters types of disasters and their impacts. Disaster case studies. The Case for mitigation. The Context for mitigation. Mitigation programs. Hazard mitigation planning: Objectives, hazard assessment, capability analysis, proposed mitigation measures, proposed approach to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Hazard mitigation tools and techniques. National disaster assistance programs and policies; legal, economic, ethical, environmental, sustainability and social considerations. Looking to the future: public policy and other trends.

Objectives:

1. To understand the four phases of disaster management, and the basics of mitigation,
2. To understand the importance of mitigation strategies to minimize loss of life and property,
3. Analyze the various tools in disaster management,
4. To investigate policies in disaster management.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand and apply the concepts of disaster management,
2. Be able to prepare an earthquake mitigation plan,
3. Be able to prepare a response and recovery plan,
4. Be able to prepare case studies for Turkey.

Content:Source-to-Site Effects, directional effects, Dispersion and Incoherence. Seismic Inputs for Structures and Prediction of Seismic Input Parameters, Coherence Function. Harmonic Analysis, Microzonation. Computation of Structural Internal Forces, State-Space Equation. Frequency domain spectral analysis, single input single output system. Single-Point Excitation, Multi-Support Excitations. Nonlinear Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Frames Under Cyclic Load Reversals. Cascaded Analysis of secondary systems (piping systems, mechanical fittings, small towers ) using response spectrum method. Inelastic seismic response, nonlinear vibrations, pushover concept. Concepts of inelastic response spectrum. Comparison of some code provisions prescribed by different earthquake codes, IBC, EC8, IS, TDY etc, application of these codes to an inelastic system. Modal Analysis Using the Substructure Technique, Equivalent Spring–Dashpot Analysis. Seismic control of structures, tuned mass damper and State-Space Analysis.

Objectives:

1. To understand  the seismic inputs and their parameters for structures.
2. To understand nonlinear vibrations concept and be able to conduct nonlinear analysis of RC frames under cyclic load reversals.
3. Determining the response of an inelastic system according to the current codes.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand the seismic inputs and their parameters for structures.
2. Be able to understand nonlinear vibration concept and apply it to secondary systems.
3. Nonlinear Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Frames Under Cyclic Load Reversals.
4. Be able to determine inelastic response according to the current codes.
5. Understanding concept of seismic control of structures and be able to maintain state space analysis.

Content: Review of probability theory, characteristics of random processes, definition of engineering reliability, first and second order reliability analysis methods (1st and 2nd order approximations to limit state), common reliability indices (Cornell, Hasofer and Lind), Monte Carlo simulation (Plain and directional approach), response surface method, reliability of structural systems, time dependent reliability analysis (time dependent limit state function), seismic fragility analysis, reliability updating, fundamentals of earthquake hazard analysis.

Objectives:

1. Analyzing reliability of structures,
2. Understanding the probabilistic approaches employed in the existing design codes,
3. Solving engineering design problems that are subject to uncertainty,
4. Examining the assumptions made in reliability analyses.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Dealing with the engineering uncertainties in a rational and consistent way,
2. Developing effective solutions to probabilistic problems arising in engineering design,
3. Mastering the approaches which are used when dealing with engineering problems that are subject to uncertainty,
4. Knowing the fundamentals of earthquake risk analysis.

Content: 1. Introduction 2. Analytical Methods a) Groundwater Flow b) 1-D Consolidation c) Wave Equation and Earthquake Excitations d) 2-D Dynamic Coupled Flow & Deformation 3. Introduction to Numerical Methods a) Finite Difference Method b) Finite Element Method 4. Finite Difference Method (FDM) with Applications to Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Mechanics 5. Introduction to Finite Element Method (FEM) 6. FEM Applications a) Earthquake Induced Response of Soil Layers and Embankments b) Dynamic Stress and Deformation Analysis c) 1-D and 2-D Dynamic Coupled Flow and Deformation Problem d) Instantaneous and Residual Liquefaction 7. Introduction to Constitutive Modeling a) Fundamentals b) Numerical Modeling of Elemental Behavior 8. Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Geo-Engineering Systems 9. Term Project Discussions and Final Remarks

Objectives:

This course is an introduction to modeling and computing in geotechnical earthquake engineering and geomechanics. The intention of the course is to provide students with state of the art analytical and computational methods for analyzing complex geotechnical earthquake engineering problems. The objectives of the course are such that students acquire knowledge to analytically and numerically simulate various mechanical phenomena as observed in soil mechanics, foundation engineering and earthquake engineering. This will be achieved by developing a thorough understanding of the physics behind, providing numerical solutions to the boundary value problems and utilizing basic numerical methods. Computational techniques using the classical methods such as the Finite Element Method and Finite Difference Method will be discussed in details and applied to basic geo-engineering problems.

Learning Outcomes:

1. A necessary analytical mindset and a certain way of thinking for modeling and approaching the solution of geotechnical earthquake engineering problems
2. Developing a proper knowledge base for numerical methods used in solving boundary value problems in geotechnical earthquake engineering
3. Learning and making use of computer softwares in solving these problems,
4. Getting introduced to developing simple yet useful computer codes,
5. Describing the concepts of the theory of multi-dimensional dynamic consolidation in terms of dynamics of porous media,
6. Acquiring knowledge for earthquake-induced response of soil-structure systems,
7. Developin an understanding in constitutive modeling of soils under cyclic loads,
8. Developing computer models and numerical tools to capture the actual dynamic behavior of soils under earthquakes,
9. Evaluating the amount and type of deformations leading to various instabilities caused by earthquake excitations in soils

Content: The content of the course includes the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) and Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) concepts, Guttenberg-Richter law, earthquake catalogues, available source models, ground motion prediction equations, terms that help in connecting the fault activity to design basis spectrum. Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) methods, both semi-deterministic and probabilistic, and supporting examples and exercises are examined in the course. Details in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA), treatment of uncertainty in SHA issues will be covered. The course will culminate with the elaboration of the subject on the determination of the Design-basis Ground Motion (DGM) needed for the code-based and performance-based design of engineering structures. The content will be particularly useful in design of tall structures, critical facilities or other structures where a controlled seismic performance is expected.

Objectives:

1. To learn the origin of the Earthquake Zonation Map, the assumptions behind and the relevant issues,
2. To provide students with the steps of generating design spectra for the Design-basis Ground Motion
3. To introduce and make use of common Seismic Hazard Assessment methods, assumptions, equations and literature
4. To make sure the students acquire knowledge to conduct a site-specific Seismic Hazard Assessment and produce design spectrum

Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand the need for conducting Seismic Hazard Assessment and the use of it
2. Understand how the code design spectra are developed, what the limitations and assumptions behind are
3. Feel confident in running a Seismic Hazard Assessment and treating the uncertainties associated with the design spectra
4. Develop a site specific seismic hazard assessment
5. Construct a design spectrum for a given site for different performance expectations

Content: Improvements in seismic design. Determining the differences between the traditional and current trends. Definition of performance based design and its parameters. Earthquake ground motion and performance objectives. Defining performance levels. Seismic hazard and response spectra concept. Evaluating the seismic response of existing buildings. Establishing the effects of hysteretic behavior on seismic response. P-? Effects. Analysis methods for performance assessment. Adaptive pushover concept. Incremental dynamic analysis. Nonlinear static procedures. Torsion effects. Displacement based design. Concrete, steel and masonry performances during earthquakes. Retrofit strategies for different building performance levels. Performance point, target displacement concepts. Modeling strategies, soil-structure interaction. Seismic rehabilitation of an existing school type building. FEMA and ATC approaches. Performance assessment of an existing building using the current TDY code.

Objectives:

1. To understand the basis of performance based analysis,
2. To understand the improved static and dynamic analysis concepts,
3. To be able to determine the performance level of important buildings such as schools applying the foreign and Turkish codes.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand the basic concepts of performance based design,
2. To assimilate the performance based design rules mentioned in ATC and FEMA codes,
3. Be able to apply the nonlinear static and dynamic analysis techniques,
4. Be able to apply different retrofit techniques for different performance levels,
5. Be able to model an existing structure throughout ATC, FEMA and TDY codes and determine the performance level.

Content:

Introduction to the dynamic behavior characteristics of buildings. Calculating and understanding the Response Spectra. Seismic energy concept. Passive structural control methods.  Types and operating mechanism of energy dissipating dampers and energy transfer devices. Structural inherent damping, metallic, friction, viscous and visco-elastic dampers. Seismic isolation and role of dampers/damping. Effects of energy dissipation dampers to structural seismic behavior. Damper design and distribution in a building. Retrofitting existing buildings with dampers.

 Objectives:

1.       To transfer current earthquake-resistant design approaches and the design principles to students,

2.       To provide the students application oriented skills by the new approaches and the design principles.

Learning Outcomes:

1.       Understanding the Response Spectra and seismic energy concept,

2.       Learning passive structural control methods and types / operating mechanism of energy dissipating dampers,

3.       Structural inherent damping concept,

4.       Effects of energy dissipation dampers to structural seismic behavior,

5.       Fundamentals of retrofitting existing buildings with dampers.

İçerik: Giriş ve tanımlar. Dinamik elastisitenin temel denklemleri. Sonsuz ortamda dalga yayılımı. Dalga tipleri. Genleşme ve kayma dalgaları. Düzlem dalgalar. Kütle kuvvetlerinden oluşan dalgalar. SH dalga kaynakları. Silindirik ve küresel oyuklardan yayılan harmonik genleşme dalgaları. Yarı sonsuz ortamda dalgalar. Bir yarım uzayda düzlem dalgaların yayılımı ve yansıması. Eğik dalgalar. Yüzey dalgaları. Karışık sınır koşulları altında dalga yansıması. SH dalga kaynağı. Çözüm yöntemleri. Tabakalı ortamlarda dalgalar. Birbirine değen iki yarı-sonsuz ortamda düzlem dalgalar. Love dalgaları. Silindirik oyuktan SH dalgalarının saçılması. Düzlem dalgaların kırılması. Dalgalarda enerji.

Amaçlar:

1. Dalgalarının oluşumu, yayılması, dalga tipleri, boyuna, enine dalgalar, yüzey dalgaları,
2. Dalgaların yansıması ve kırılması, enerji,
3. Tabakalı ortamlarda dalga yayılımı.

Öğrenim Çıktıları:

1. Deprem mühendisliğinde dalga olayını ayrıntılı olarak inceleyebilme,
2. Dalga yayılımı altındaki yapı elemanlarının davranışı,
3. Tam uzayda dalga hareketini anlama,
4. Yarım uzayda çeşitli sınır koşulları altında dalgaların yansıması ve geçiş.

İçerik:Yapı sistemlerinin lineerliğini bozan etkenler, lineer olmayan teori, malzeme ve geometri değişimleri bakımından lineer olmayan çubuk sistemlerin modellenmesi, analizi ve tasarım yöntemleri, elastoplastik teori, plastik kesit kavramı ve uygulamaları, ikinci mertebe ve sonlu deplasman teorileri, stabilite ve burkulma, performansa dayalı tasarım, lineer olmayan statik analiz (Pushover analizi), bilgisayar yazılımları ve uygulamalar, lineer olmayan dinamik analize giriş.

Amaçlar:

1. Öğrenciye yapı sistemlerinin lineer ve lineer olmayan hesabıyla ilgili güncel bilgilerin, tasarım felsefesinin ve güncel deprem yönetmeliklerindeki hükümlerin aktarılması,
2. Öğrenciye aktarılan güncel bilgilerin, tasarım felsefesinin ve güncel deprem yönetmeliği hükümlerinin ışığında uygulamaya yönelik beceri kazandırılması.

Öğrenim Çıktıları:

1. Yapı sistemlerinin hesabında lineerliği bozan sebepler,
2. Yapı malzemelerinin lineer olmayan davranışı ve modellenmesi,
3. Geometri değişimleri bakımından lineer olmayan sistemlerin hesap yöntemleri ve burkulma yüklerinin bulunması,
4. Malzeme bakımından lineer olmayan sistemlerin hesap yöntemleri,
5. Her iki bakımdan lineer olmayan sistemlerin hesap yöntemleri,
6. Lineer olmayan statik hesap yöntemleri, pratik uygulamaları, yapı sistemlerinin performansa dayalı tasarım ve değerlendirmesi,
7. 2007 Türk Deprem Yönetmeliğinin temel ilkeleri, lineer ve lineer olmayan yöntemlerle mevcut yapıların deprem performans ve güvenliklerinin belirlenmesi,
8. Zaman tanım alanında lineer olmayan hesaba giriş.

Content: Fundamentals of vibrations. Classification of vibrations and analysis procedures. Free and forced vibration of single and multi degree of freedom systems. Fourier series expansion, fast Fourier transform. Determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes, vibration measurements and applications. Instrumentation, data acquisition systems. Digital signal processing, windowing, filtering. Modeling, model refinement. Structural damages and identification procedures.

Objectives:

1. To teach the students the fundamentals of vibrations theory for structural systems,
2. To help students to be aware of dynamic behavior of structures under dynamic loads,
3. To give information about structural damages under dynamic loads and experimental techniques to verify the damage position in structure and its severity.

Learning Outcomes:

1. How to use vibration theory principles in experimental methods,
2. Instruments, instrumentation, data acquisition systems,
3. Processing of field gathered vibration data, filtering windowing,
4. Response of structure under dynamic loads,
5. Modeling and model updating (refinement),
6. Structural damages, experimental damage detection techniques.

İçerik: Kontrol için gerekli matematik bilgiler. Optimalliğin gerekli ve yeterli koşulları. Aktif ve pasif kontrolun tanımı. Pasif ve aktif kontrol mekanizmalarının tanıtılması. Aktif tendon kontrolu, pasif ve aktif kütlesel sönümleyiciler, viskoz sönümleyiciler, taban izolasyon sistemleri. Çok katlı yapıların toplu kütleli sistem olarak modellenmesi ve genel formülasyonu. Kontrol algoritmaları. Klasik lineer optimal kontrol, kutup atama yöntemi, ani optimal kontrol, tahmine dayalı yaklaşık optimal kontrol. Çözüm teknikleri. Lineer olmayan sistemlerin optimal kontrolu.

Amaçlar:

1. Öğrenciye depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımında yeni yaklaşımlar ile ilgili gelişmelerin ve tasarım ilkelerinin aktarılması,
2. Öğrenciye aktarılan yeni yaklaşım ve tasarım ilkeleri ile uygulamaya yönelik beceri kazandırılması.

Öğrenim Çıktıları:

1. Kontrol için gerekli matematik bilgiler,
2. Optimalliğin gerekli ve yeterli koşulları,
3. Aktif ve pasif kontrolun tanımı ve kontrol mekanizmalarının tanıtılması,
4. Çok katlı yapıların toplu kütleli sistem olarak modellenmesi ve genel formülasyonu,
5. Klasik lineer optimal kontrol,
6. Kutup atama yöntemi, ani optimal kontrol,
7. Tahmine dayalı yaklaşık optimal kontrol,
8. Robost teknikler,
9. Lineer olmayan sistemlerin optimal kontrolu.

Content: Advanced topics in time-domain dynamic analysis of structures: multiple support excitation; non-proportional damping; reduction of degrees of freedom; modal contributions and modal truncation concepts; static correction for higher modes; mode-acceleration method; unsymmetric-plan buildings. Frequency domain analysis of dynamic response; discrete Fourier transform methods.Linear time history analysis. Nonlinear time history analysis. Analysis of structures including structure-foundation-soil interaction; dynamics of foundations; substructure analysis procedures; interaction effects; simplified procedures. Analysis of structures with fluid-structure interaction; hydrodynamic solutions; substructure analysis procedures; interaction effects; simplified procedures.

Objectives:

1. Understanding advanced topics in time domain analysis of structures,
2. Understanding the seismic analysis of structures in time and frequency domains,
3. Understanding complex problems such as structure-foundation-soil and structure fluid interactions.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Methods for advanced topics in earthquake engineering,
2. Solving dynamic problems using frequency domain analysis and discrete Fourier transform methods,
3. Solving problems earthquake engineering with linear and nonlinear time history analysis,
4. Investigation of structure-foundation-soil and structure-fluid interaction problems.

Content: Introduction of random process, Autocorrelation function and power spectral density function, Stationary gaussian processes, Power spectral density and autocorrelation functions for derivatives of processes, Superposition of processes, Relationship between input and output power spectral density and auto-correlation function. Stochastic response of linear single-degree-of-freedom system, Response characteristics for narrowband, stochastic analysis of translational and rotational response of single mass structure under random wind loading in the frequency domain, Stochastic response of two degree-of-freedom systems, stationary random vibrations for multi-degree of freedom systems.

Objectives:

1. Dynamics external loads such as earthquake, wind and ocean waves have some uncertainties considering amplitude and frequency content characteristics of motion,
2. In order to taking into account these uncertainties in the reliability calculations of these economically important structures is achieved by probabilistic based random vibration theory,
3. The aim of the course is to make the students gained some main concepts related with this topic giving some examples.

Learning Outcomes:

1. It is able to make stochastic based structural dynamics or earthquake engineering calculations in terms of probabilistic functions,
2. To earn related terminology for the risk analysis and probabilistic concepts,
3. To make simulation of earthquake ground motion with stochastic methods,
4. In order to calculate the output results of nonlinear solutions at the certain exceeding probability level.

Dersin İçeriği: 

Bu ders deprem mühendisliğinde zemin-yapı etkileşimini dikkate alacak şekilde ilgili problemleri matematiksel olarak modellemeyi kapsamaktadır. Zeminlerin içerisine veya üzerine inşa edilen yapıların deprem yükleri altındaki davranışlarının zemin etkisini de dikkate alarak hesaplanması dersin ana içeriğidir. Zemin-yapı sisteminin bir bütün olarak ele alınacağı derste teorik altyapı, pratik uygulamalar ile birleştirilecektir.

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin amacı öğrencilere aşağıdaki yetenekleri kazanmalarında yardımcı olmaktır: 

1. Öğrencilere en etkin analitik yöntemleri sunarak deprem mühendisliği sistemlerinde/problemlerinde zemin-yapı etkileşimini doğru biçimde ele almalarını sağlamak.
2. Deprem mühendisliğinde komplike problemlerin çözümünde yaygın sayısal yöntemleri tanıtmak ve zemin-yapı etkileşimi analizlerinde bu yöntemleri kullanmalarını sağlamak.
3. Farklı zemin-yapı etkileşimi problemlerini çözebilecek şekilde öğrencilere gerekli bilgi ve altyapıyı vermek.
4. Deprem etkisiyle zemin-yapı sistemlerinde oluşan stabilite kayıplarını hesaplayabilmek.

Dersin Öğrenme Çıktıları:

Bu dersi başarıyla tamamlayan yüksek lisans/doktora öğrencileri aşağıdaki konularda bilgi, beceri ve yetkinlik kazanırlar; 

1. Deprem mühendisliğindeki temel zemin-yapı sistemlerine analitik çözümler üretmek,
2. Deprem etkisi altında zemin-yapı etkileşimini doğru biçimde ele alarak modelleyebilmek,
3. Deprem mühendisliğinde vaka analizlerini zemin-yapı etkileşimini modelleyerek çözebilmek ve gerek zemin gerek yapıdan kaynaklanabilecek göçme mekanizmasını anlayabilmek,
4. Zemin-yapı etkileşimi problemlerinin çözümünde (ve diğer mühendislik problemlerinin çözümüne de uygulayabilecek şekilde) ilgili bilgisayar uygulamalarını kullanabilecek hale gelmek.

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Course Description: 

This course consists of mathematical modeling of soil-structure interaction in earthquake engineering. Main content of the course includes the seismic response of structures built inside or on the surface of soils taking into account the dynamic effects of soils. In this course the soilstructure system will be considered as a whole and the theoretical background will be complemented with related practical applications. 

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to help the students to acquire the following skills:

1. To provide students with state of the art analytical methods to accurately take into account soil-structure interaction in earthquake engineering systems/problems.
2. To introduce and make use of common numerical methods in earthquake engineering to solve complex soil-structure interaction problems.
3. To make sure the students acquire knowledge with necessary foundation to solve various soil-structure interaction problems.
4. To evaluate the earthquake-induced instabilities in soil-structure systems.

Course Learning Outcomes:

Grad. students who successfully pass this course gain knowledge, skill and competency in the following subjects;

1. Provide analytical solutions to basic soil-structure systems in earthquake engineering,
2. Accurately modeling the soil-structure interaction problems under seismic actions,
3. Solving case studies through modeling soil-structure interactions in earthquake engineering and being able to understand the failure mechanisms resulting from soils or structures,
4. Making use of computer applications in the solution of soil-structure interaction problems and also possibly in other problems as well.

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Content: The content of the course will include the design of RC, steel or composite tall structures against earthquake actions. The course will start from seismic hazard assessment issues, proceed with covering displacement based design approaches and focus on nonlinear modelling topics that are essential for capturing the nonlinear dynamic response of a tall structure. The students will be provided with a thorough overview of the current design practice in developed earthquake-prone countries and will be trained on the state-of-the-art computer softwares for nonlinear analyses. Special issues regarding the design of tall structures, such as damping, dynamic amplification and non-structural components, will be covered. 

Objectives: 

     1. Understand common structural systems utilized in tall buildings and their design philosophy.
     2. Perform preliminary design, by using direct displacement based design rules, of various structural systems for tall buildings.
     3. Conduct site-specific seismic hazard analysis and modelling, including necessary ground motion selection and modification and develop analytical models for tall buildings using state-of-the-art structural analysis tools.
     4. Distinguish between prescriptive design methods and modern performance-based design methods for tall buildings.
     5. Conduct tall building performance evaluation both at component and system level based on state-of the-art methods and latest guidelines.

Learning Outcomes:

     1. To be informed about the seismic response of tall structures in general, understand the relation of the seismic hazard and the considered earthquake intensity with the design philosophy of tall structures.
     2. Conduct preliminary design by using Direct Displacement Based Design rules.
     3. Create appropriate nonlinear structural models to be used for design and design verification and be able to evaluate the results.
     4. Conduct a performance based design of tall RC, steel and composite tall structures.
     5. Control the performance of structural and non-structural components through the design process.